The seeds of Derek and the Dominos can be found in their involvement with Delaney, Bonnie & Friends of which they were all members, including Duane Allman who had played before Clapton. The members' departures from the group were caused by the constant infighting between Delaney and Bonnie, Whitlock explains:“ Delaney was a little James Brownish, real hard to work with, him and Bonnie fighting all the time and carrying on. Everyone got disenchanted with the situation.[4] ”
Gordon and Radle left D&B to play on Joe Cocker's Mad Dogs and Englishmen tour with Leon Russell, but Whitlock remained on with the Bramletts for a short time.
Whitlock was looking for a gig, and Steve Cropper suggested he visit Clapton in England; Whitlock would subsequently live in Clapton's house and during that period the two would jam, hang out and write the bulk of the Dominos' catalogue.
Soon after, they called the rest of their former Delaney and Bonnie musicians, Dave Mason, Carl Radle and Jim Gordon and together the quintet became the backing band for George Harrison's album All Things Must Pass.[5] Gordon was not the first choice as drummer, it was Jim Keltner, who like Radle, was from Tulsa and also been involved with Russell and Cocker.
The origin of the name "Derek and the Dominos" has had attached to it a variety of stories over the years. According to Jeff Dexter (compere on the Delaney & Bonnie and Friends Tour and a close friend of Clapton's), a name had yet to be chosen by the night of the group's 14 June 1970 official debut at London's Lyceum Theatre, where they had been billed simply as "Eric Clapton and Friends" (for what would prove Mason's lone appearance). According to Dexter, he'd asked Eric whether they couldn't give the band a proper name “instead of his (Dexter's) going out front and introducing yet another round of And Friends?” To this Clapton and George Harrison quickly agreed, resulting in a mad rush by everyone to remember and name past favourites. In the course of this process were included Two-Tone Special, and Fats Domino, and the whole thing was brought to a conclusion with Dexter's cry of “that’s it: Derek and the Dominoes--it’s classic!” (Clapton having been previously nicknamed at the start of the "Delaney & Bonnie and Friends" tour Derek by Tony Ashton). While the rest of the band--all of them Americans--felt convinced they would be mistaken for a doo-wop act, the two Brits were instantly for it, and were introduced to the packed Lyceum audience to polite, if respectful applause accorded unknowns. After a few moments, however, the audience caught wise to the diversion and the hall erupted in pandemonium. In Dexter's telling he'd introduced Ashton to Clapton just before boarding the tour bus heading for Bristol, and a nervous Ashton, instead of saying "pleased to meet you, Eric," called him Derek instead, causing everyone to fall about and resulting in Clapton's being called "Derek" for the remainder of the tour.
According to Bobby Whitlock, however, upon leaving the stage at the close of his set, Tony Ashton of Ashton, Gardner and Dyke had simply mispronounced their provisional name of "Eric and the Dynamos," calling them instead Derek and the Dominos.[6] Yet a third version emerges from Clapton's biography in which the guitarist maintains that it was Ashton that suggested to Clapton the name "Del and the Dominos" ("Del" being his nickname for Clapton). Del and Eric were combined and the final name became "Derek and the Dominos."[7] Either way, the band took up the new name and embarked on a summer tour of small clubs in England where Clapton chose to play anonymously, still weary from the fame and high-profile chaos that he had felt plagued Cream and Blind Faith..[8] Dexter’s account of the facts appears somewhat more plausible at least than Whitlock's, as Ashton, Gardener and Dyke were never on the “Eric Clapton and Friends" tour.
From late August to early October 1970, working at Criteria Studios in Miami under the guidance of Atlantic Records producer Tom Dowd, the band recorded Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, a double album now regarded by many critics as Clapton's masterpiece. Most of the material, including Layla (which soon became an FM radio staple) was inspired by Clapton's unrequited love for Pattie Boyd, who was married to his best friend George Harrison.[9] It was not until several years later that Pattie would consent to an affair and later move in with Clapton in 1974 and marry him in 1979. They separated in 1985 when Clapton started a relationship with Lori Del Santo and they divorced in 1988. Whitlock reminiscing would later say:“ The basic concept of Derek and the Dominos was that we didn't want any horns, we didn't want no chicks, we wanted a rock 'n' roll band. But my vocal concept was that we approach singing like Sam and Dave did: he sings a line, I sing a line, we sing together ”
[edit] Duane Allman's inclusion
A few uninspired days into the Layla sessions, Dowd, who was also producing for the Allmans for their album Idlewild South, invited Clapton to an Allman Brothers outdoor concert in Miami, where he first heard Duane Allman play. After several hours in the studio earlier that day the band was sneaked into the show with the help of Dowd and sat between the riser and fans below. At the concert, Dowd distinctly remembers:“ Duane was in the middle of a solo; he opens his eyes and looks down, does a dead stare, and stops playing. Dickey Betts is chugging along, see Duane's stopped playing, and figures he'd better cover, that Duane must've broken a string or something. Then Dickey looks down, sees Eric, and turns his back. That was how they first saw each other.[10] ”
The next day (Aug 27, 1970) Duane arrived at the Criteria studios about 3 o'clock and would quickly befriend Clapton; Dowd says their easiness with one another was instantaneous,[11] saying they were“ trading licks, they were swapping guitars, they were talking shop and information and having a ball, no hold barred, just admiration for each other's technique and facility. We got back, turned the tapes on, and they went on for 15, 18 hours like that. I went through two or three sets of engineers. ”
Those jams can be found on the second CD of The Layla Sessions: 20th Anniversary Edition. After the jam sessions Clapton invited Allman to become the fifth and final member of the Dominos.
When Allman and Clapton met, The Dominos had barely started recording anything. Duane first added his slide guitar to "Tell the Truth" on 28 August as well as "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out." In a window of only four days, the five-piece Dominos recorded "Key to the Highway," "Have You Ever Loved a Woman," and "Why Does Love Got to be So Sad." When September came around, Duane briefly left the sessions for gigs with his own band. In the two days he was absent, the four-piece Dominos recorded "I Looked Away," "Bell Bottom Blues," and "Keep on Growing." Duane returned on the 3rd to record "I am Yours," "Anyday," and "It's Too Late." On the 9th, they recorded Hendrix's "Little Wing" and the title track. The following day, the final track, "Thorn Tree in the Garden" was recorded.[12] Many critics would later notice that Clapton played best when in a band composed of dual guitars; working with another guitarist kept him from getting "sloppy and lazy and this was undeniably the case with Duane Allman."[13]
[edit] The Layla album Main article: Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs
Although most commonly attributed to Clapton, the album was truly a group effort.[14] Only two of the 14 songs on the album were written by Clapton alone and Whitlock wrote one of the tracks alone "Thorn Tree in the Garden". Rather, most of the songs were the product of Clapton and Whitlock's writing co-operation, but a number of blues standards were included as well, including "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out" (Jimmie Cox), "Have You Ever Loved a Woman" (a Billy Myles song originally recorded by Freddie King), and "Key to the Highway" (William 'Big Bill' Broonzy).
The last of these was a pure accident — the band heard singer Sam Samudio ("Sam the Sham") in another room at the studio doing the song, liked it, and spontaneously started playing it. The startled Dowd heard what was happening, and quickly told the engineers to "hit the goddamn machine!" and start the tape recorder running — which explains why the track starts with a fade-in to playing clearly already underway.[15]
"Tell the Truth" was initially recorded in June 1970 during the All Things Must Pass sessions under the direction of Phil Spector as a fast upbeat song, and released soon after as a single. But during the Layla sessions, "Tell the Truth" was recorded again, this time as a long and slow instrumental jam. The final version of the song that appears on the album is a combination of these two takes: the frantic pace of the single is slowed down to the laid-back speed of the instrumental. The two previous versions of "Tell the Truth" were later released on "History of Eric Clapton" (1972).
An excellent video version of the "Layla" album's "It's Too Late" can be seen on the recently-issued 2-DVD set of "The Best of the Johnny Cash TV Show". Cash's program, which premiered on ABC in June 1969, ran for 58 episodes (with the final show broadcast in March 1971). The "It's Too Late" set is followed with Derek & the Dominos playing with Cash and Carl Perkins doing "Matchbox". "Layla"
27 second sample of the song Layla as performed by Derek and the Dominos
Problems listening to this file? See media help.
The most critically acclaimed and popular song off the album, "Layla", was recorded in separate sessions; the opening guitar section was recorded first, with the second section several months later. Duane Allman contributed the opening notes for the song. Clapton thought "Layla" was missing an acceptable ending; an abrupt conclusion would diminish the intensity of the music and a fadeout would detract from the urgency of the lyrics. The answer was an elegiac piano piece composed and played by drummer Jim Gordon. Gordon had been separately writing and playing songs during the Layla sessions for a solo album when Clapton accidentally heard the piano piece, Clapton asked Gordon to use the piano piece as the ending for "Layla", Gordon agreed and the song was complete.[16]
When the album was released in December 1970, it was a critical and commercial flop. The album failed to make the top 10 in the United States and didn't even chart in the United Kingdom. It garnered little attention which some blamed on Polydor for a lack of promoting the record and general unawareness of Clapton's presence in the band.[17] However, the song "Layla" when released in 1972 as a single would be a smash hit, charting in both the US (#10) and the UK (#7) and again charting in 1982.[18] Clapton reworked the song as an acoustic ballad in 1992 for his MTV: Unplugged album. The song charted at #12 in the US and also won a Grammy Award.
Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs has continued to be noticed by critics and has been named one of the best albums of all time by VH1 (#89).[19] and Rolling Stone (#115)..[20]
[edit] Live shows
Eric Clapton, Carl Radle, and Duane Allman live at the Curtis Hixon Hall, one of the two shows in which Allman appeared.
After the recording of Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, the group undertook a drug-riddled and vice-prone US tour that didn't include Allman, who had returned to The Allman Brothers Band after the recording process. However, Allman did perform two shows with the group at Curtis Hixon Hall, in Tampa, Florida, on 1 December 1970, and at the Onondaga County War Memorial in Syracuse, New York, the following night. Whitlock recalls their drug situation as:“ We didn't have little bits of anything. There were no grams around, let's just put it like that. Tom couldn't believe it, the way we had these big bags laying out everywhere. I'm almost ashamed to tell it, but it's the truth. It was scary, what we were doing, but we were just young and dumb and didn't know. Cocaine and heroin, that's all and Johnny Walker.[21] ”
Despite the drugs, the tour resulted in a well received live double album, In Concert, which was recorded from a pair of shows at the Fillmore East in New York, New York. Six of the recordings from that album were digitally remastered and expanded with additional material from the same shows to become Live at the Fillmore, released in 1994. [edit] Tragedy and dissolution
Eric Clapton performing at the Fillmore East for the recording of In Concert
Tragedy dogged the group throughout its brief career. During the sessions, Clapton was devastated by the death of his friend and professional rival, Jimi Hendrix; eight days previously the band had cut a version of "Little Wing", which was added to the album as a tribute. One year later, on the eve of the group's first American tour, Duane Allman was killed in a motorcycle accident. Adding to Clapton's woes, the Layla album received only lukewarm reviews and weak album sales upon release; Clapton took this personally, accelerating his spiral into drug addiction and depression.[22] In 1985 when talking about the band Clapton remarked:“ We were a make-believe band. We were all hiding inside it. Derek and the Dominos — the whole thing ... assumed. So it couldn't last. I had to come out and admit that I was being me. I mean, being Derek was a cover for the fact that I was trying to steal someone else's wife. That was one of the reasons for doing it, so that I could write the song, and even use another name for Pattie. So Derek and Layla — it wasn't real at all.[23] ”
The band disintegrated messily in London just before they could complete their second LP. Much later in an interview with music critic Robert Palmer, Clapton said the second album "broke down halfway through because of the paranoia and tension. And the band just ... dissolved."[24] Although Radle worked with Clapton for several more years, the split between Clapton and Whitlock was apparently a bitter one. Radle died in 1980 of complications from a kidney infection associated with alcohol and drug use.[25] Jim Gordon, who was an undiagnosed schizophrenic, killed his mother with a hammer in 1983 during a psychotic episode. He was confined to a mental institution in 1984, where he remains today.[26]
After the dissolution, Clapton turned away from touring and recording to nurse an intense heroin addiction[27] resulting in a career hiatus interrupted only by George Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh in 1971 and the Rainbow Concert in 1973 (see 1973 in music), the latter organised by The Who's Pete Townshend to help Clapton kick the drug and build momentum for his return.[28]
Song material from the group has been present on many of Clapton's compilation albums (e.g., History of Eric Clapton), and music from the abortive second album sessions was later released in a 4CD/cassette box set Crossroads.
The group's sole studio album, Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, although initially a critical and commercial flop in 1971,[29] has since charted in 1972 and 1982 and is now considered not only one of Clapton's most outstanding achievements, but also consistently appears in listings of the best rock albums ever recorded. The band's producer, Tom Dowd, said of it that he "felt it was the best ... album I'd been involved with since The Genius of Ray Charles" and was disappointed at the lack of acclaim it garnered on its release.[30]
[edit] Members Eric Clapton - guitar, vocals Bobby Whitlock - keyboards, vocals, acoustic guitar Carl Radle - bass guitar Jim Gordon - drums, piano Duane Allman - guitar
[edit] Discography
[edit] Albums 1970 - Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs 1973 - In Concert 1990 - The Layla Sessions: 20th Anniversary Edition 1994 - Live at the Fillmore
[edit] Singles "Tell the Truth" / "Roll It Over" (Atco Records, 1970) "Layla" / "Bell Bottom Blues" (Polydor Records, 1970) "Layla" / "I Am Yours" (Atco Records, 1971) "Bell Bottom Blues" / "Keep On Growing" (Polydor Records, 1971) "Let It Rain" / "Easy Now" (RSO Records, 1972) "Bell Bottom Blues" / "Little Wing" (RSO Records, 1973) "Why Does Love Got to Be So Sad" [live] / "Presence of the Lord" [live] (RSO Records, 1973)
[edit] References ^ Romanowski, , Patricia (2003). Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll Rolling Stone Press, ISBN 0-671-43457-8 ^ "nndb.com". Retrieved on 2006-08-06. ^ "superseventies.com". Retrieved on 2006-08-06. ^ The Layla Sessions liner notes, page 5. ^ The Layla Sessions liner notes, page 5. ^ "artistfacts.com". Retrieved on 2006-08-06. ^ Schumacher, Michael (1992). Crossroads: The Life and Music of Eric Clapton. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-2466-9. ^ The Layla Sessions liner notes, page 4. ^ "msnmusic.com". Retrieved on 2006-10-05. ^ The Layla Sessions liner notes, page 6. ^ The Layla Sessions liner notes, page 7. ^ "The Layla Sessions" CD liner notes. ^ Schumacher, Michael (1992). Crossroads: The Life and Music of Eric Clapton. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-2466-9. ^ "Reason to Rock". Retrieved on 2006-09-26. ^ The Layla Sessions liner notes, page 6. ^ Schumacher, Michael (1992). Crossroads: The Life and Music of Eric Clapton. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-2466-9. ^ Shapiro, Harry (1992). Eric Clapton:Lost in the Blues Da Capo Press Inc., ISBN 0-306-80480-8 ^ Sandford, Christopher (1999). Clapton: Edge of Darkness Da Capo Press Inc., ISBN 0-306-80897-8 ^ "VH1's List of Greatest Albums". Retrieved on 2006-10-06. ^ "Rolling Stone's List of Greatest Albums". Retrieved on 2006-10-06. ^ The Layla Sessions liner notes, page 12. ^ "Biography on Clapton Fanclub Magazine". Retrieved on 2006-09-27. ^ Decurtis, Anthony (May 1998). Rocking My Life Away, Duke University Press, ISBN 0-8223-2184-X ^ Decurtis, Anthony (May 1998). Rocking My Life Away, Duke University Press, ISBN 0-8223-2184-X ^ Carl Radle biography on Allmusic ^ Romanowski, Patricia (2003). Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll Rolling Stone Press, ISBN 0-671-43457-8 ^ "VH1.com Derek and the Dominos". Retrieved on 2006-09-21. ^ Romanowski, Patricia (2003). Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll Rolling Stone Press, ISBN 0-671-43457-8 ^ Shapiro, Harry (1992). Eric Clapton:Lost in the Blues Da Capo Press Inc., ISBN 0-306-80480-8 ^ "About.com". Retrieved on 2006-10-05.
